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<title>Basic English</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Basic English</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Simple_English_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Simple English (disambiguation)">Simple English (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: white; background-color: #114057;">Basic English</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Charles_Kay_Ogden" title="Charles Kay Ogden">Charles Kay Ogden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Setting and usage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">controlled natural language</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed language</a>

<b>Basic English</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a>)<br><a href="Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Sources</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: white; background-color: #114057;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>en-basiceng</code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Basic English</b> (a <a href="Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> for <b>British American Scientific International and Commercial English</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="Controlled_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Controlled language">controlled language</a> based on standard <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, but with a greatly simplified <a href="Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> and <a href="Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>. It was created by the linguist and philosopher <a href="Charles_Kay_Ogden" title="Charles Kay Ogden">Charles Kay Ogden</a> as an <a href="International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">international auxiliary language</a>, and as an aid for teaching <a href="English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">English as a second language</a>. It was presented in Ogden's 1930 book <i>Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar</i>.

</p><p>The first work on Basic English was written by two Englishmen, <a href="Ivor_Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivor Richards">Ivor Richards</a> of Harvard University and <a href="Charles_Kay_Ogden" title="Charles Kay Ogden">Charles Kay Ogden</a> of the University of Cambridge in England. The design of Basic English drew heavily on the semiotic theory put forward by Ogden and Richards in their 1923 book <i><a href="The_Meaning_of_Meaning" title="The Meaning of Meaning">The Meaning of Meaning</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Ogden's Basic, and the concept of a simplified English, gained its greatest publicity just after the <a href="Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victory in World War II as a means for world peace. He was convinced that the world needed to gradually eradicate <a href="Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority languages</a> and use as much as possible only one: English, in either a simple or complete form.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Although Basic English was not built into a program, similar simplifications have been devised for various international uses. Richards promoted its use in schools in China.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has influenced the creation of <a href="Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>'s <a href="Learning_English_(version_of_English)" title="Learning English (version of English)">Learning English</a> for news broadcasting, and <a href="Simplified_Technical_English" title="Simplified Technical English">Simplified Technical English</a>, another English-based controlled language designed to write technical manuals.

General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Limited. p. 2

What survives of Ogden's Basic English is the basic 850-word list used as the beginner's vocabulary of the English language taught worldwide, especially in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_principles">Design principles</h2></div>

<p>Ogden tried to simplify English while keeping it normal for native speakers, by specifying grammar restrictions and a <a href="Controlled_natural_language" title="Controlled natural language">controlled small vocabulary</a> which makes an extensive use of <a href="Paraphrase" title="Paraphrase">paraphrasing</a>. Most notably, Ogden allowed only 18 verbs, which he called "operators". His "General Introduction" says, "There are no 'verbs' in Basic English", with the underlying assumption that, as noun use in English is very straightforward but verb use/conjugation is not, the elimination of verbs would be a welcome simplification.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What the World needs most is about 1,000 more dead languages—and one more alive.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— C. K. Ogden, <i>The System of Basic English</i></p></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Word_lists">Word lists</h2></div>

<p>Ogden's word lists include only <a href="Word_roots" class="mw-redirect" title="Word roots">word roots</a>, which in practice are extended with the defined set of affixes and the full set of forms allowed for any available word (noun, pronoun, or the limited set of verbs).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 850 core words of Basic English are found in Wiktionary's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Basic_English_word_list" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Appendix:Basic English word list">Basic English word list</a>. This core is theoretically enough for everyday life. However, Ogden prescribed that any student should learn an additional 150-word list for everyday work in some particular field, by adding a list of 100 words particularly useful in a general field (e.g., science, verse, business), along with a 50-word list from a more specialised subset of that general field, to make a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:1000_basic_English_words" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Appendix:1000 basic English words">basic 1000-word</a> vocabulary for everyday work and life.

</p><p>Moreover, Ogden assumed that any student should already be familiar with (and thus may only review) a core subset of around 200 "international" words.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, a first-level student should graduate with a core vocabulary of around 1200 words. A realistic general core vocabulary could contain around 2000 words (the core 850 words, plus 200 international words, and 1000 words for the general fields of trade, economics, and science). It is enough for a "standard" English level.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This 2000 word vocabulary represents "what any learner should know". At this level students could start to move on their own.

</p><p>Ogden's <a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_English_combined_wordlist" class="extiw external" title="simple:Wikipedia:Basic English combined wordlist">Basic English 2000 word list</a> and Voice of America's <a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VOA_Special_English_Word_Book" class="extiw external" title="simple:Wikipedia:VOA Special English Word Book">Special English 1500 word list</a> serve as dictionaries for the <a href="Simple_English_Wikipedia" title="Simple English Wikipedia">Simple English Wikipedia</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2></div>

<p>Basic English includes a simple grammar for modifying or combining its 850 words to talk about additional meanings (<a href="Morphological_derivation" title="Morphological derivation">morphological derivation</a> or <a href="Inflection" title="Inflection">inflection</a>). The grammar is based on English, but simplified.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>Plural nouns are formed by adding <i>-s</i> or related forms, as in <i>drinks</i>, <i>boxes</i>, or <i>countries</i>.</li>

<li>Nouns are formed with the endings <i>-er</i> (as in <i>prisoner</i>) or <i>-ing</i> (<i>building</i>).</li>

<li>Adjectives are formed with the endings <i>-ing</i> (<i>boiling</i>) or <i>-ed</i> (<i>mixed</i>).</li>

<li>Adverbs can be formed by adding <i>-ly</i> (for example <i>tightly</i>) to words that Basic English calls "qualities" (adjectives that describe objects).</li>

<li>The words <i>more</i> and <i>most</i> are used for comparison (for example <i>more complex</i>), but <i>-er</i> and <i>-est</i> may appear in common use (<i>cheaper</i>).</li>

<li>Negatives can be formed with <i>un-</i> (<i>unwise</i>).</li>

<li>The word <i>do</i> is used in questions, as it is in English (<i>Do you have some?</i>).</li>

<li>Both pronouns and what Basic English calls "operators" (a set of ten <a href="Verb" title="Verb">verbs</a>) use the different forms they have in English (for example <i>I go to him</i>, <i>He goes to me</i>).</li>

<li>Compound words can be formed by combining two nouns (e.g. <i>soapbox</i>) or a noun and a preposition, which Basic English calls "directives" (<i>sunup</i>).</li>

<li>International words, words that are the same or similar in English and other European languages (e.g. <i>radio</i>), use the English form. English forms are also used for numbers, dates, money, or measurements.</li>

<li>Any technical terms or special vocabulary needed for a task should be written in <a href="Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">inverted commas</a> and then be explained in the text using words from the Basic English vocabulary (for example <i>the 'vocabulary' is the list of words</i>).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

<p>Like all <a href="International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">international auxiliary languages</a> (or IALs), Basic English may be criticised as inevitably based on personal preferences, and is thus, paradoxically, inherently divisive.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, like all natural-language-based IALs, Basic is subject to criticism as unfairly biased towards the native speaker community.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As a teaching aid for <a href="English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">English as a second language</a>, Basic English has been criticised for the choice of the core vocabulary and for its grammatical constraints.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1944, <a href="Readability" title="Readability">readability</a> expert <a href="Rudolf_Flesch" title="Rudolf Flesch">Rudolf Flesch</a> published an article in <i><a href="Harper's_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>, "How Basic is Basic English?" in which he said, "It's not basic, and it's not English." The essence of his complaint is that the vocabulary is too restricted, and, as a result, the text ends up being awkward and more difficult than necessary. He also argues that the words in the Basic vocabulary were arbitrarily selected, and notes that there had been no empirical studies showing that it made language simpler.<sup id="cite_ref-Flesch_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flesch-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In his 1948 paper "<a href="A_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication" title="A Mathematical Theory of Communication">A Mathematical Theory of Communication</a>", <a href="Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a> contrasted the limited vocabulary of Basic English with <a href="James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>'s <i><a href="Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Finnegans Wake</a></i>, a work noted for a wide vocabulary. Shannon notes that the lack of vocabulary in Basic English leads to a very high level of <a href="Redundancy_(linguistics)" title="Redundancy (linguistics)">redundancy</a>, whereas Joyce's large vocabulary "is alleged to achieve a compression of semantic content".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2></div>

<p>In the novel <i><a href="The_Shape_of_Things_to_Come" title="The Shape of Things to Come">The Shape of Things to Come</a></i>, published in 1933, <a href="H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> depicted Basic English as the <a href="Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of a new elite that after a prolonged struggle succeeds in uniting the world and establishing a <a href="Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> <a href="World_government" title="World government">world government</a>. In the future world of Wells' vision, virtually all members of humanity know this language.

</p><p>From 1942 to 1944, <a href="George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945, he became critical of <a href="Universal_language" title="Universal language">universal languages</a>. Basic English later inspired his use of <a href="Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a> in <i><a href="Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a> criticized his own 1945 novel <i><a href="Brideshead_Revisited" title="Brideshead Revisited">Brideshead Revisited</a></i>, which he had previously called his magnum opus, in the preface of the 1959 reprint: "It [World War II] was a bleak period of present privation and threatening disaster—the period of <a href="Soya_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soya beans">soya beans</a> and Basic English—and in consequence the book is infused with a kind of gluttony, for food and wine, for the splendours of the recent past, and for rhetorical and ornamental language that now, with a full stomach, I find distasteful."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In his story "<a href="Gulf_(novella)" title="Gulf (novella)">Gulf</a>", science fiction writer <a href="Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> used a <a href="Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a> called <a href="Speedtalk" title="Speedtalk">Speedtalk</a>, in which every Basic English word is replaced with a single <a href="Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a>, as an appropriate means of communication for a race of genius supermen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samples">Samples</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Lord's_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> has been often used for an impressionistic language comparison:

</p>

<th scope="row">Basic English (<a href="Bible_in_Basic_English" title="Bible in Basic English">BBE</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-BBE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</th>

<th scope="row">English (<a href="NRSV" class="mw-redirect" title="NRSV">NRSV</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-NRSV_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRSV-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>

<p><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-basiceng">Our Father in heaven,<br>

may your name be kept holy.<br>

Let your kingdom come.<br>

Let your pleasure be done,<br>

as in heaven, so on earth.<br>

Give us this day bread for our needs.<br>

And make us free of our debts,<br>

as we have made free those who are in debt to us.<br>

And let us not be put to the test,<br>

but keep us safe from the Evil One.</span></span>

</p>

</td>

<td>

<p>Our Father in heaven,<br>hallowed be your name.<br>Your kingdom come.<br>Your will be done,<br>on earth as it is in heaven.<br>Give us this day our daily bread.<br>And forgive us our debts,<br>as we also have forgiven our debtors.<br>And do not bring us to the time of trial,<br>but rescue us from the evil one.

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<ul><li><a href="Academic_word_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic word list">Academic word list</a></li>

<li><a href="Bible_in_Basic_English" title="Bible in Basic English">Bible in Basic English</a></li>

<li><a href="Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">Controlled vocabulary</a></li>

<li><a href="E-Prime" title="E-Prime">E-Prime</a></li>

<li><a href="Fran%C3%A7ais_fondamental" title="Français fondamental">Français Fondamental</a></li>

<li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabolario_corrente#Vocabolario_di_base" class="extiw external" title="it:Vocabolario corrente">Vocabolario di base</a> (in Italian: <i>Basic Italian</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Globish_(Nerri%C3%A8re)" title="Globish (Nerrière)">Globish</a></li>

<li><a href="New_General_Service_List" title="New General Service List">New General Service List</a></li>

<li><a href="International_English" title="International English">International English</a></li>

<li><a href="Plain_English" title="Plain English">Plain English</a></li>

<li><a href="Plain_language" title="Plain language">Plain language</a></li>

<li><a href="Readability" title="Readability">Readability</a></li>

<li><a href="Seaspeak" title="Seaspeak">Seaspeak</a></li>

<li><a href="Simplified_Technical_English" title="Simplified Technical English">Simplified English</a></li>

<li><a href="Learning_English_(version_of_English)" title="Learning English (version of English)">Learning English</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Marine_Communication_Phrases" title="Standard Marine Communication Phrases">Standard Marine Communication Phrases</a></li>

<li><a href="Swadesh_list" title="Swadesh list">Swadesh list</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A good summary in Bill Templer: <i>Towards a People's English: Back to BASIC in EIL</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hltmag.co.uk/sep05/mart05.htm#C5">Humanising Language Teaching</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204112933/http://www.hltmag.co.uk/sep05/mart05.htm#C5">Archived</a> December 4, 2008, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordthere.html">the list of words which are assumed and not counted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227073445/http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordthere.html">Archived</a> 2021-02-27 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for details.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, a sample quotation from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://listserv.brown.edu/archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0512A&L=AUXLANG&T=0&F=&S=&P=2560">the auxlang mailing list archives</a> and another from noted linguist <a href="Robert_A._Hall%2C_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Hall, Jr.">Robert A. Hall, Jr.</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, by proponents of Essential World English. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langmaker.com/outpost/eswldeng.htm">a summary of EWE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818175724/http://www.langmaker.com/outpost/eswldeng.htm">Archived</a> August 18, 2006, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for instance and, again, the linguist <a href="Robert_A._Hall%2C_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Hall, Jr.">Robert A. Hall, Jr.</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFOgden1932" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Charles Kay (1932). <i>Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar</i>. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Limited. p. 21.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcElvenny2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="James_McElvenny" title="James McElvenny">McElvenny, James</a> (2015-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/58704096/semioticsbasicenglish_rev.pdf">"The application of C.K. Ogden's semiotics in Basic English"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Language Problems and Language Planning</i>. <b>39</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">187–</span>204. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Flplp.39.2.05mce">10.1075/lplp.39.2.05mce</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0272-2690">0272-2690</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148343056">148343056</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOgden1934" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Charles Kay (1934). <i>The System of Basic English</i>. Harcourt, Brace.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114024145/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886748,00.html">"Education: Globalingo"</a>. <i><a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 31 December 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886748,00.html">the original</a> on 14 November 2011.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2005" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Edmond H. (2005). <i>The Elements of International English Style</i>. M. E. Sharpe. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>18. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7656-1572-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227100636/http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordalpi.html">"Ogden's "International Word" List—Alphabetic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordalpi.html">the original</a> on 2021-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-26</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113155415/http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordalpn.html">"Ogden's Basic English Next Steps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/wordalpn.html">the original</a> on 2020-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419041827/http://ogden.basic-english.org/word2000.html">"Ogden's Basic English Combined Word Lists"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/word2000.html">the original</a> on 2021-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-27</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513094344/http://ogden.basic-english.org/rules.html">"Rules of Grammar"</a>. <i>Ogden's Basic English</i>. January 1, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/rules.html">the original</a> on 2016-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1997" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Rick (24 February 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716230133/http://www.rickharrison.com/language/farewell.html">"Farewell to Auxiliary Languages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rickharrison.com/language/farewell.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2012.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Flesch-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flesch_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlesch1944" class="citation magazine cs1">Flesch, R. F. (March 1944). "How Basic is Basic English?". <i><a href="Harper's_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">339–</span>343.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShannon1948" class="citation journal cs1">Shannon, Claude (1948). "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". <i>The Bell System Technical Journal</i>. <b>27</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">379–</span>423, <span class="nowrap">623–</span>656. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x">10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2">11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2</a></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIllichBarry_Sanders1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Illich, Ivan</a>; Barry Sanders (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abcalphabetizati00illi_0/page/109"><i>ABC: The Alphabetization of the Popular Mind</i></a></span>. <a href="San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>: <a href="North_Point_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="North Point Press">North Point Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/abcalphabetizati00illi_0/page/109">109</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-86547-291-2</bdi>. <q>The satirical force with which Orwell used Newspeak to serve as his portrait of one of those totalitarian ideas that he saw taking root in the minds of intellectuals everywhere can be understood only if we remember that he speaks with shame about a belief that he formerly held ... From 1942 to 1944, working as a colleague of William Empson's, he produced a series of broadcasts to India written in Basic English, trying to use its programmed simplicity, as a <i>Tribune</i> article put it, 'as a sort of corrective to the oratory of statesmen and publicists.' Only during the last year of the war did he write 'Politics and the English Language,' insisting that the defense of English language has nothing to do with the setting up of a Standard English.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh1959" class="citation book cs1">Waugh, Evelyn (1959) [1946]. <i>Brideshead Revisited</i>. New York: Dell.</cite>. Full <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odysseyeditions.com/EBooks/Evelyn-Waugh/Brideshead-Revisited/Evelyn-Waughs-Author-commentary-for-Brideshead-Revisited">preface text</a> available online.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeinlein1953" class="citation book cs1">Heinlein, Robert A. (1953). "Gulf". <i>Assignment in Eternity</i>. Signet Science Fiction (New American Library). pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>53. <q>It was possible to establish a one-to-one relationship with Basic English so that <i>one phonetic symbol</i> was equivalent to an entire word.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-BBE-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBE_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHooke1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="S._H._Hooke" title="S. H. Hooke">Hooke, S. H.</a> (1965). "Matthew, 6". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=bbe&book=mat&chapter=6"><i>Bible in Basic English</i></a>. Cambridge University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-NRSV-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRSV_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%206:9–13&version=nrsv">Matthew 6:9–13</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>I. A. Richards & Christine Gibson, <i>Learning Basic English: A Practical Handbook for English-Speaking People</i>, New York: W. W. Norton & Co. (1945)</li>

<li><i>Basic English: A Protest</i>, Joseph Albert Lauwerys, F. J. Daniels, Robert A. Hall Jr., London: Basic English Foundation, 1966. An answer to Robert A. Hall, Jr.'s criticism.</li>

<li>(eo) Vĕra Barandovská-Frank, (2020), Basic English, In: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Interlingvistiko_enkonduko.pdf">Interlingvistiko<b>.</b> Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj</a> (PDF)</i>, p. 270-275, Poznań, Univ. Adam Mickiewicz, 333 pp., ISBN 9788365483539</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw external" title="simple:"> Simple English edition</a></b></i> of <a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div>

</div>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Basic_English_word_list" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Basic English word list">Appendix:Basic English word list</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li>Charles Kay Ogden, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/be0.html">Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312155619/http://ogden.basic-english.org/be0.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-12 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, London: Paul Treber</li>

<li>Charles Kay Ogden, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crockford.com/wrrrld/begr.html">Basic English and Grammatical Reform</a></i>, Cambridge: The Orthological Institute. (1937)e</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/">Ogden.Basic-English.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120214743/http://ogden.basic-english.org/">Archived</a> 2012-11-20 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ogden's books and word lists online and several discussions</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basic-english.org/">Basic-English.org</a>, Ongoing project to support and update Ogden's Basic (with downloads)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogden.basic-english.org/bec0.html">The Reference Shelf Vol. 17. No. 1</a>, a discussion about Basic English, with supporters and critics</li>

<li>Charles Kay Ogden, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315175722/http://basicenglish.org/en/">Basic English Course</a> (1930)</li>

<li>Augusto Ghio Del'Rio, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basicenglish.org/es">Inglés Básico</a>, 1954 translation of Ogden's Basic English Course for Spanish Speakers</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online-utility.org/english/simple_basic_helper.jsp">Simple English Helper Tool</a> — Detect words which are not in a given dictionary, Ogden's Basic English dictionary list included</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818175724/http://www.langmaker.com/outpost/eswldeng.htm">Essential World English</a> — some criticisms of Basic English and suggestions for overcoming its problems</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.ucl.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=BEF">Records of the Basic English Foundation</a> at <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/ogden-library">Ogden Library</a> at <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.ucl.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=MS+OGDEN">Ogden Manuscript Collection</a> at <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Word_lists_by_frequency_and_number_of_words82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Word_lists_by_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Word lists by frequency">Word lists by frequency</a> and number of words</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Simplified_Technical_English" title="Simplified Technical English">Simplified Technical English</a> (~875)</li>

<li><a href="Globish_(Nerriere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Globish (Nerriere)">Globish</a> (1500)</li>

<li><a href="Special_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Special English">Special English</a> (~1500)</li>

<li><a href="General_Service_List" title="General Service List">General Service List</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="New_General_Service_List" title="New General Service List">New General Service List</a> (~2800)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_Word_List" title="Academic Word List">Academic Word List</a> (570)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>list for <a href="Hanyu_Shuiping_Kaoshi" title="Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi">Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi / HSK</a> (8848)</li>

<li>list for <a href="Test_of_Chinese_as_a_Foreign_Language" title="Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language">Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language</a> (~8600)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>list for <a href="Test_of_Proficiency_in_Korean" title="Test of Proficiency in Korean">Test of Proficiency in Korean</a> (10,635)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>list for <a href="JLPT" class="mw-redirect" title="JLPT">Japanese-Language Proficiency Test / JLPT</a> (8009)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent198" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dialects_and_accents_of_Modern_English_by_continent198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">Dialects</a> and <a href="Regional_accents_of_English" title="Regional accents of English">accents</a> of <a href="Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> by continent</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="English_language_in_Europe" title="English language in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="British_English" title="British English">Great <br>Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="English_language_in_England" title="English language in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="English_language_in_Northern_England" title="English language in Northern England">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cheshire_dialect" title="Cheshire dialect">Cheshire</a></li>

<li><a href="Cumbrian_dialect" title="Cumbrian dialect">Cumbria</a>

<ul><li><a href="Barrovian" title="Barrovian">Barrow</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lancashire_dialect" title="Lancashire dialect">Lancashire</a></li>

<li><a href="Scouse" title="Scouse">Liverpool/Scouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchester_dialect" title="Manchester dialect">Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="Northumbrian_dialect" title="Northumbrian dialect">Northumbria</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pitmatic" title="Pitmatic">Pitmatic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mackem" title="Mackem">Sunderland</a></li>

<li><a href="Geordie" title="Geordie">Tyneside/Geordie</a></li>

<li><a href="Smoggie" title="Smoggie">Teesside</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Yorkshire_dialect" title="Yorkshire dialect">Yorkshire</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="East_Midlands_English" title="East Midlands English">East Midlands</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Midlands_English" title="West Midlands English">West Midlands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brummie_dialect" title="Brummie dialect">Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_Country_dialect" title="Black Country dialect">Black Country</a></li>

<li><a href="Potteries_dialect" title="Potteries dialect">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="English_language_in_Southern_England" title="English language in Southern England">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="East_Anglian_English" title="East Anglian English">East Anglia</a></li>

<li><a href="Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">London & Thames Estuary</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a></li>

<li><a href="Multicultural_London_English" title="Multicultural London English">Multicultural</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Country_English" title="West Country English">West Country</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cornish_dialect" title="Cornish dialect">Cornwall</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorset_dialect" title="Dorset dialect">Dorset</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glasgow_dialect" title="Glasgow dialect">Glasgow</a></li>

<li><a href="Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highlands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abercraf_English" title="Abercraf English">Abercraf</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardiff_English" title="Cardiff English">Cardiff</a></li>

<li><a href="Gower_dialect" title="Gower dialect">Gower</a></li>

<li><a href="Port_Talbot_English" title="Port Talbot English">Port Talbot</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dublin_English" title="Dublin English">Dublin</a></li>

<li><a href="South-West_Irish_English" title="South-West Irish English">South-West</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulster_English" title="Ulster English">Ulster</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Channel_Island_English" title="Channel Island English">Channel Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Gibraltarian_English" title="Gibraltarian English">Gibraltar</a></li>

<li><a href="Maltese_English" title="Maltese English">Malta</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="North_America2387" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="North_American_English" title="North American English">North <br>America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indigenous_English_in_Canada" title="Indigenous English in Canada">Aboriginal</a></li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Canadian_English" title="Atlantic Canadian English">Atlantic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lunenburg_English" title="Lunenburg English">Lunenburg</a></li>

<li><a href="Newfoundland_English" title="Newfoundland English">Newfoundland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Multicultural Toronto</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottawa_Valley_English" title="Ottawa Valley English">Ottawa Valley</a></li>

<li><a href="Quebec_English" title="Quebec English">Quebec</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Canadian_English" title="Standard Canadian English">Standard Canadian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="American_English" title="American English">United <br>States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland</a></li>

<li><a href="New_England_English" title="New England English">New England</a>

<ul><li><a href="Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Boston</a></li>

<li><a href="Maine_accent" title="Maine accent">Maine</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Northern_American_English" title="Northern American English">North</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland North</a></li>

<li><a href="North-Central_American_English" title="North-Central American English">North-Central</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Baltimore_accent" title="Baltimore accent">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">South</a>

<ul><li><a href="Southern_accent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern accent (United States)">accent</a></li>

<li><a href="Appalachian_English" title="Appalachian English">Appalachia</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Tider" title="High Tider">Chesapeake/Outer Banks</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Orleans_English" title="New Orleans English">New Orleans</a></li>

<li><a href="Older_Southern_American_English" title="Older Southern American English">Older South</a></li>

<li><a href="Texan_English" title="Texan English">Texas</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="California_English" title="California English">California</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacific_Northwest_English" title="Pacific Northwest English">Pacific Northwest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social and <br>ethno-cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American</a>

<ul><li><a href="African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">Vernacular</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="American_Indian_English" title="American Indian English">American Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cajun_English" title="Cajun English">Cajun</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicano_English" title="Chicano English">Chicano</a></li>

<li><a href="General_American_English" title="General American English">General American</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_American_Speech" title="Good American Speech">Good American Speech</a></li>

<li><a href="Miami_accent" title="Miami accent">Miami Latino</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Latino_English" title="New York Latino English">New York Latino</a></li>

<li><a href="Northeastern_elite_accent" title="Northeastern elite accent">Northeastern elite</a></li>

<li><a href="Pennsylvania_Dutch_English" title="Pennsylvania Dutch English">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Antiguan_and_Barbudan_English" title="Antiguan and Barbudan English">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Bahamian_English" title="Bahamian English">The Bahamas</a></li>

<li><a href="English_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="English in Barbados">Barbados</a></li>

<li><a href="Bequia_English" title="Bequia English">Bequia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cayman_Islands_English" title="Cayman Islands English">Cayman Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bay_Islands_English" title="Bay Islands English">Bay Islands</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaica</a></li>

<li><a href="Saman%C3%A1_English" title="Samaná English">Samaná</a></li>

<li><a href="Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_English" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian English">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bermudian_English" title="Bermudian English">Bermuda</a></li>

<li><a href="Falkland_Islands_English" title="Falkland Islands English">Falkland Islands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australia481" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Variation_in_Australian_English" title="Variation in Australian English">variation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Australian_Aboriginal_English" title="Australian Aboriginal English">Aboriginal</a></li>

<li><a href="South_Australian_English" title="South Australian English">South</a></li>

<li><a href="Torres_Strait_English" title="Torres Strait English">Torres Strait</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a>

<ul><li><a href="New_Zealand_English_phonology" title="New Zealand English phonology">accent</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Palauan_English" title="Palauan English">Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon_Islands_English" title="Solomon Islands English">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cameroonian_English" title="Cameroonian English">Cameroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Gambian_English" title="Gambian English">The Gambia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghanaian_English" title="Ghanaian English">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenyan_English" title="Kenyan English">Kenya</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberian_English" title="Liberian English">Liberia</a></li>

<li><a href="Malawian_English" title="Malawian English">Malawi</a></li>

<li><a href="Namlish" title="Namlish">Namibia</a></li>

<li><a href="Nigerian_English" title="Nigerian English">Nigeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Sierra_Leonean_English" title="Sierra Leonean English">Sierra Leone</a></li>

<li><a href="South_African_English" title="South African English">South Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="White_South_African_English_phonology" title="White South African English phonology">accent</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_Flats_English" title="Cape Flats English">Cape Flats</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="South_Atlantic_English" title="South Atlantic English">South Atlantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugandan_English" title="Ugandan English">Uganda</a></li>

<li><a href="Zimbabwean_English" title="Zimbabwean English">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="South_Asian_English" title="South Asian English">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bangladeshi_English" title="Bangladeshi English">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_English" title="Indian English">India</a>

<ul><li><a href="Regional_differences_and_dialects_in_Indian_English" title="Regional differences and dialects in Indian English">regional and occupational</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Maldivian_English" title="Maldivian English">Maldives</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_English" title="Nepalese English">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sri_Lankan_English" title="Sri Lankan English">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Southeast_Asian_English" title="Southeast Asian English">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brunei_English" title="Brunei English">Brunei</a></li>

<li><a href="Cambodian_English" title="Cambodian English">Cambodia</a></li>

<li><a href="Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">Malaysia</a></li>

<li><a href="Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">Myanmar</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinglish" title="Tinglish">Thailand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Antarctic_English" title="Antarctic English">Antarctica</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="English_language" title="English language">English language</a></li>

<li><a href="Broad_and_general_accents" title="Broad and general accents">Broad and general accents</a></li>

<li><a href="English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_American_and_British_English" title="Comparison of American and British English">Comparison of American and British English</a></li>

<li><a href="E-Prime" title="E-Prime">E-Prime</a></li>

<li><a href="Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a></li>

<li><a href="English_as_a_lingua_franca" title="English as a lingua franca">English as a lingua franca</a></li>

<li><a href="English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English-based creole languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Englishisation" title="Englishisation">Englishisation</a></li>

<li>Globish

<ul><li><a href="Globish_(Gogate)" title="Globish (Gogate)">Gogate</a></li>

<li><a href="Globish_(Nerri%C3%A8re)" title="Globish (Nerrière)">Nerrière</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="International_English" title="International English">International</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a> (<a href="Yeshiva_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva English">Yeshiva English</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Learning_English_(version_of_English)" title="Learning English (version of English)">Learning</a></li>

<li><a href="Linguistic_purism_in_English" title="Linguistic purism in English">Linguistic purism in English</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_English-based_pidgins" title="List of English-based pidgins">List of English-based pidgins</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-native_pronunciations_of_English" title="Non-native pronunciations of English">Non-native pronunciations of English</a></li>

<li><a href="Plain_English" title="Plain English">Plain</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_English" title="Standard English">Standard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Basic_English&oldid=1304306521">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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